Difference between revisions of "DIY USB adapter"
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(I tried to make the instructions for Avrdude more descriptive, as I found them a bit confusing the first time around. Hopefully this helps others get it.) |
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<!--T:22--> | <!--T:22--> | ||
+ | '''[https://blog.gimx.fr/shop/ Buy a ready to use GIMX adapter from the official GIMX shop.]'''<br /> | ||
'''A much easier but less complete tutorial is also available: [[DIY_USB_adapter_for_dummies|DIY USB Adapter for dummies]].'''<br /> | '''A much easier but less complete tutorial is also available: [[DIY_USB_adapter_for_dummies|DIY USB Adapter for dummies]].'''<br /> | ||
− | A German translation of a previous version is also available on the forum: [ | + | A German translation of a previous version is also available on the forum: [https://forum.gimx.fr/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=362 old German translation]. |
<!--T:2--> | <!--T:2--> | ||
Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
Make sure it works at '''500kbps''' and that it is '''5V tolerant'''. | Make sure it works at '''500kbps''' and that it is '''5V tolerant'''. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
− | | chip || CP2102 || FT232R || | + | | chip || CP2102 || FT232R || PL2303HX || CH340 || FT230X |
|- | |- | ||
| 5V tolerant | | 5V tolerant | ||
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
− | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | ( | + | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | (1) |
− | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | ( | + | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | (1) |
− | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | ( | + | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | (1) |
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 27: | Line 28: | ||
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
− | | style="background: | + | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | (2) |
| style="background: red; color: white;" | no | | style="background: red; color: white;" | no | ||
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
Line 35: | Line 36: | ||
| compatible | | compatible | ||
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
− | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | ( | + | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | (1) |
− | | style="background: | + | | style="background: orange; color: white;" | (1)(2) |
| style="background: red; color: white;" | no | | style="background: red; color: white;" | no | ||
| style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | | style="background: green; color: white;" | yes | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | ( | + | (1) depends on the board<br /> |
+ | (2) only on Linux<br /> | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
* [http://jim.sh/ftx/ MicroFTX (10$ excl. shipping costs)] | * [http://jim.sh/ftx/ MicroFTX (10$ excl. shipping costs)] | ||
Line 62: | Line 64: | ||
* CP2102 converter from ebay (very low price, but sometimes low delivery) | * CP2102 converter from ebay (very low price, but sometimes low delivery) | ||
* Teensy 2.0 board (low price, good quality, and quick delivery). | * Teensy 2.0 board (low price, good quality, and quick delivery). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Wiring== <!--T:12--> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:13--> | ||
+ | The only thing you have to do is to connect the following pins: | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | USB dev board || USB to UART board | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | GND || GND | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | RX || TX / TXO / TXD | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | TX || RX / RXI / RXD | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | '''Warning: some adapters are mislabeled and have inverted RX/TX.'''<br /> | ||
+ | With a Teensy 2.0 or Arduino Leonardo as a USB dev board: | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | | Arduino Leonardo || Teensy 2.0 || USB to UART board | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | GND || GND || GND | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 0 (RX1) || D2 || TX / TXO / TXD | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 1 (TX1) || D3 || RX / RXI / RXD | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:23--> | ||
+ | If you use the arduino on-board USB to serial converter, Rx and Tx are inverted, i.e. Rx = TX▶ and Tx = RX◀ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:14--> | ||
+ | The example below shows how to connect a (mislabeled) CP2102 converter (left) to a Teensy 2.0 board (right): | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:15--> | ||
+ | <div class="image200px">[https://gimx.fr/img/screenshots/PC-to-PS3-USB-controller.JPG https://gimx.fr/img/screenshots/PC-to-PS3-USB-controller.JPG]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:16--> | ||
+ | It's possible to solder wires or to use jumper wires (these are generally provided with USB to serial TTL boards) in case your AVR USB board has header pins: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:17--> | ||
+ | <div class="image200px">[https://gimx.fr/img/adapter/solderless.jpg https://gimx.fr/img/adapter/solderless.jpg]</div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--T:19--> | ||
+ | Examples: | ||
+ | * Bumble-b and FT232RL wired on a breadboard: | ||
+ | :<div class="image200px">[https://gimx.fr/img/screenshots/ft232rl_bumbleb.jpg https://gimx.fr/img/screenshots/ft232rl_bumbleb.jpg]</div> | ||
+ | * Teensy++ and CP2102 wired on a breadboard: | ||
+ | :<div class="image200px">[https://gimx.fr/img/screenshots/cp2102_teensy++.jpg https://gimx.fr/img/screenshots/cp2102_teensy++.jpg]</div> | ||
+ | * Teensy 2.0 and CP2102 soldered: | ||
+ | :<div class="image200px">[https://gimx.fr/img/adapter/soldered.jpg https://gimx.fr/img/adapter/soldered.jpg]</div> | ||
==Firmware loading== <!--T:8--> | ==Firmware loading== <!--T:8--> | ||
Line 69: | Line 120: | ||
{{Firmwares/en}} | {{Firmwares/en}} | ||
− | ===Teensy boards=== | + | ===Teensy boards=== <!--T:24--> |
+ | <!--T:25--> | ||
Teensy boards can be easily flashed using the [http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/loader.html Teensy Loader].<br /> | Teensy boards can be easily flashed using the [http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/loader.html Teensy Loader].<br /> | ||
It is probably the easier to use flashing tool, but it is only compatible with '''genuine''' teensy boards. | It is probably the easier to use flashing tool, but it is only compatible with '''genuine''' teensy boards. | ||
− | ===Cheap Arduino-compatible atmega32u4-based boards=== | + | ===Cheap Arduino-compatible atmega32u4-based boards=== <!--T:26--> |
− | ====Using the Arduino Builder tool==== | + | ====Using the Arduino Builder tool==== <!--T:27--> |
+ | <!--T:28--> | ||
+ | * The order of operations must be followed strictly, as Arduino builder is quite finicky! | ||
* Download the Arduino Leonardo drivers and save them into the same folder: | * Download the Arduino Leonardo drivers and save them into the same folder: | ||
** [https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/raw/master/build/windows/dist/drivers/arduino.cat arduino.cat] | ** [https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/raw/master/build/windows/dist/drivers/arduino.cat arduino.cat] | ||
Line 88: | Line 142: | ||
* Click on "Load Sketch / HEX", and select the desired atmega32u4.hex firmware. | * Click on "Load Sketch / HEX", and select the desired atmega32u4.hex firmware. | ||
* Click on "Board Type" and select "Arduino Leonardo". | * Click on "Board Type" and select "Arduino Leonardo". | ||
− | * Click on the COM port that matches the "Silicon Labs CP210x ... (COMX)" COM port in the device manager (or whatever the name of your USB to UART board is). This is a trick to make the Arduino Builder tool look for a new COM port. | + | * Click on the COM port that matches the "Silicon Labs CP210x ... (COMX)" COM port in the device manager (or whatever the name of your USB to UART board is). This is a trick to make the Arduino Builder tool look for a new COM port. If no COM port is visible, make sure the USB adapter AND the Arduino are plugged into two separate USB ports on the PC, then close and reopen Arduino Builder. |
* The following message should appear: "Forcing reset using 1200bps open/close on COMX...". | * The following message should appear: "Forcing reset using 1200bps open/close on COMX...". | ||
* Quickly unplug/replug the atmega32u4 board, or connect RST to GND twice. | * Quickly unplug/replug the atmega32u4 board, or connect RST to GND twice. | ||
Line 94: | Line 148: | ||
Upon success a "Uploading completed!" message should be displayed.<br /> | Upon success a "Uploading completed!" message should be displayed.<br /> | ||
− | ====Using Avrdude==== | + | ====Using Avrdude==== <!--T:29--> |
− | * Make sure that the USB to UART board (e.g. CP2102) is connected and powered, and that the wiring with the atmega32u4 board is correct. | + | <!--T:30--> |
− | * Make sure that the atmega32u4 board is connected and powered. | + | * Download the Arduino Leonardo drivers and save them into the same folder: |
+ | ** [https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/raw/master/build/windows/dist/drivers/arduino.cat arduino.cat] | ||
+ | ** [https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/raw/master/build/windows/dist/drivers/arduino.inf arduino.inf] | ||
+ | * Right-click on the arduino.inf file and click on Install. | ||
+ | * Make sure that the USB to UART board (e.g. CP2102) is connected and powered, and that the wiring with the atmega32u4 board is correct (see above GND->GND, TXD->RXD, RXD->TXD). | ||
+ | * Make sure that the atmega32u4 board is connected to your PC and powered. | ||
+ | * You should now have the atmega32u4 board connected via the USB-to-UART ''and'' via its on-board USB port | ||
* Download the [http://sourceforge.net/projects/arduinodev/files/ArduinoBuilder/ArduinoBuilder-0.9.1.7z/download Arduino Builder tool] and extract the archive (using [http://www.7-zip.org/ 7zip]). | * Download the [http://sourceforge.net/projects/arduinodev/files/ArduinoBuilder/ArduinoBuilder-0.9.1.7z/download Arduino Builder tool] and extract the archive (using [http://www.7-zip.org/ 7zip]). | ||
− | * | + | * Open a command window (cmd) and change the current directory to the extracted ArduinoBuilder folder. e.g. cd "C:\Path\To\ArduinoBuilder\", or simply shift-right-click in windows file explorer and click "open command window here." |
* Type the following text but don't press enter: | * Type the following text but don't press enter: | ||
− | avrdude -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P | + | avrdude -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P COMx -D -U flash:w:<path to atmega32u4.hex>:i |
* Make sure to replace "<path to atmega32u4.hex>" in the command line with the location of the firmware to load (for example: C:\Users\YourUserName\Downloads\firmwares-5.0\EMUPS4\atmega32u4.hex). | * Make sure to replace "<path to atmega32u4.hex>" in the command line with the location of the firmware to load (for example: C:\Users\YourUserName\Downloads\firmwares-5.0\EMUPS4\atmega32u4.hex). | ||
− | + | * Open the device manager, and expand the "Ports" item. You should see your USB-to-UART driver (e.g. CP2102) connected to a COM port and the Arduino connected to another COM port. *Neither* of these are the COM ports you're looking for, in all likelihood. | |
− | * Open the device manager, and | + | * Unplug/replug the atmega32u4 on-board USB (''not'' the USB-to-UART) from your PC (doing this on the PC side rather than the Arduino side may be easier). When you replug it back in, watch the device manager, and notice which COM port is opened when the bootloader starts up. Ideally, this will be the same every time it is disconnected and reconnected. *THIS* is the COM port you want! |
− | * | + | * Change the "x" in "COMx" in the above command to the number of the COM port that the bootloader uses. |
− | + | * Unplug and replug the atmega32u4 USB again, and as soon the bootloader COM shows up, press enter to execute your command | |
+ | * The bootloader is executed very briefly. You may have to make a few attempts before the firmware gets loaded correctly! | ||
+ | * If successful, avrdude should say "avrdude done. Thank you." | ||
+ | <!--T:31--> | ||
In GNU/Linux, the avrdude command is: | In GNU/Linux, the avrdude command is: | ||
avrdude -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -D -U flash:w:atmega32u4.hex:i | avrdude -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -D -U flash:w:atmega32u4.hex:i | ||
(make sure to adjust the port and the file) | (make sure to adjust the port and the file) | ||
− | ===Other tools=== | + | ===Other tools=== <!--T:32--> |
<!--T:10--> | <!--T:10--> | ||
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sudo dfu-programmer at90usb162 reset | sudo dfu-programmer at90usb162 reset | ||
− | == | + | ==Serial port settings== <!--T:33--> |
− | <!--T: | + | <!--T:34--> |
− | + | On Windows the driver for FTDI chips (e.g. FT232R, FT230X, FT231X...) provides a "Latency Timer" setting than should be set to 1ms for optimal performance.<br /> | |
− | + | The procedure is detailed on the FTDI website: [http://www.ftdichip.com/Support/Knowledgebase/index.html?cdmcomportadvancedproperti.htm link]. | |
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− | == | + | ==Next Tutorial== <!--T:20--> |
<!--T:21--> | <!--T:21--> | ||
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Now that your adapter is ready you can follow the instructions on the [[Quick_Start|Quick Start page]]. | Now that your adapter is ready you can follow the instructions on the [[Quick_Start|Quick Start page]]. | ||
</translate> | </translate> |
Revision as of 05:05, 18 April 2017
This page explains how to build a GIMX DIY USB adapter.
Buy a ready to use GIMX adapter from the official GIMX shop.
A much easier but less complete tutorial is also available: DIY USB Adapter for dummies.
A German translation of a previous version is also available on the forum: old German translation.
Warning: you are responsible for the hardware you buy, and anything right or wrong you do with this.
Contents
Required hardware parts
USB to serial TTL converter
Make sure it works at 500kbps and that it is 5V tolerant.
chip | CP2102 | FT232R | PL2303HX | CH340 | FT230X |
5V tolerant | yes | (1) | (1) | (1) | yes |
500 kbps | yes | yes | (2) | no | yes |
compatible | yes | (1) | (1)(2) | no | yes |
(1) depends on the board
(2) only on Linux
Examples:
- MicroFTX (10$ excl. shipping costs)
- CP2102 converters on ebay (as low as 3$)
- FT232R converters on ebay (as low as 4$)
- CP2102 converter at sparkfun (22$ excl. shipping costs)
- FT232R converter at sparkfun (15$ excl. shipping costs)
- Some devices like the arduino have an on-board usb to serial chip (remove the AVR chip to use it)
- A second usb development board can also be programmed as a usb to serial converter.
AVR USB development board
Make sure it is working at 5V and that is has a chip among the following: at90usb82, at90usb162, at90usb646, at90usb647, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, atmega16u4, atmega32u4
Examples:
- Teensy 2.0 board (atmega32u4, 16$ excl. shipping costs) (to build a solderless adapter, take a board with header pins) (newer Teensy 3.x and LC boards are NOT compatible as they do not have the same chip)
- Boards used for the psgroove hack (check the on-board chip).
- Arduino-compatible boards based on the atmega32u4 chip
- Arduino Leonardo - distributors - (cheap Chinese clones can be found on ebay for 11$ incl. shipping costs)
- Cheap atmega32u4 boards on ebay (about 4$). Soldering required.
Recommended setup
- CP2102 converter from ebay (very low price, but sometimes low delivery)
- Teensy 2.0 board (low price, good quality, and quick delivery).
Wiring
The only thing you have to do is to connect the following pins:
USB dev board | USB to UART board |
GND | GND |
RX | TX / TXO / TXD |
TX | RX / RXI / RXD |
Warning: some adapters are mislabeled and have inverted RX/TX.
With a Teensy 2.0 or Arduino Leonardo as a USB dev board:
Arduino Leonardo | Teensy 2.0 | USB to UART board |
GND | GND | GND |
0 (RX1) | D2 | TX / TXO / TXD |
1 (TX1) | D3 | RX / RXI / RXD |
If you use the arduino on-board USB to serial converter, Rx and Tx are inverted, i.e. Rx = TX▶ and Tx = RX◀
The example below shows how to connect a (mislabeled) CP2102 converter (left) to a Teensy 2.0 board (right):
It's possible to solder wires or to use jumper wires (these are generally provided with USB to serial TTL boards) in case your AVR USB board has header pins:
Examples:
- Bumble-b and FT232RL wired on a breadboard:
- Teensy++ and CP2102 wired on a breadboard:
- Teensy 2.0 and CP2102 soldered:
Firmware loading
- EMUJOYSTICKPS3: HID joystick emulation, with 16bit stick axes, for PS3
- EMUPS3: Sixaxis emulation, for PS3
- EMU360: 360 pad emulation, for Xbox 360
- EMUPS4: Hori Pad FPS Plus emulation, for PS4 (with touchpad support)
- EMUXONE: Xbox One pad emulation, for Xbox One
- EMUG29PS4: Logitech G29 gaming wheel emulation, for PS4, with force feedback support
- EMUG27PS3: Logitech G27 gaming wheel emulation, for PS3, with force feedback support
- EMUGTFPS2: Logitech GT Force emulation, for PS2, with force feedback support
- EMUDFPS2: Logitech Driving Force emulation, for PS2, with force feedback support
- EMUDFPPS2: Logitech Driving Force Pro emulation, for PS2, with force feedback support
- EMUG27PC: Logitech G27 gaming wheel emulation, for PC, force feedback support
Teensy boards
Teensy boards can be easily flashed using the Teensy Loader.
It is probably the easier to use flashing tool, but it is only compatible with genuine teensy boards.
Cheap Arduino-compatible atmega32u4-based boards
Using the Arduino Builder tool
- The order of operations must be followed strictly, as Arduino builder is quite finicky!
- Download the Arduino Leonardo drivers and save them into the same folder:
- Right-click on the arduino.inf file and click on Install.
- Make sure that the USB to UART board (e.g. CP2102) is connected and powered, and that the wiring with the atmega32u4 board is correct.
- Make sure that the atmega32u4 board is connected and powered.
- Download the Arduino Builder tool and extract the archive (using 7zip).
- Run ArduinoBuilder.exe.
- Click on "Load Sketch / HEX", and select the desired atmega32u4.hex firmware.
- Click on "Board Type" and select "Arduino Leonardo".
- Click on the COM port that matches the "Silicon Labs CP210x ... (COMX)" COM port in the device manager (or whatever the name of your USB to UART board is). This is a trick to make the Arduino Builder tool look for a new COM port. If no COM port is visible, make sure the USB adapter AND the Arduino are plugged into two separate USB ports on the PC, then close and reopen Arduino Builder.
- The following message should appear: "Forcing reset using 1200bps open/close on COMX...".
- Quickly unplug/replug the atmega32u4 board, or connect RST to GND twice.
- The atmega32u4 board should run the bootloader. The Arduino builder tool should find the Arduino Leonardo COM port and flash the firmware.
Upon success a "Uploading completed!" message should be displayed.
Using Avrdude
- Download the Arduino Leonardo drivers and save them into the same folder:
- Right-click on the arduino.inf file and click on Install.
- Make sure that the USB to UART board (e.g. CP2102) is connected and powered, and that the wiring with the atmega32u4 board is correct (see above GND->GND, TXD->RXD, RXD->TXD).
- Make sure that the atmega32u4 board is connected to your PC and powered.
- You should now have the atmega32u4 board connected via the USB-to-UART and via its on-board USB port
- Download the Arduino Builder tool and extract the archive (using 7zip).
- Open a command window (cmd) and change the current directory to the extracted ArduinoBuilder folder. e.g. cd "C:\Path\To\ArduinoBuilder\", or simply shift-right-click in windows file explorer and click "open command window here."
- Type the following text but don't press enter:
avrdude -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P COMx -D -U flash:w:<path to atmega32u4.hex>:i
- Make sure to replace "<path to atmega32u4.hex>" in the command line with the location of the firmware to load (for example: C:\Users\YourUserName\Downloads\firmwares-5.0\EMUPS4\atmega32u4.hex).
- Open the device manager, and expand the "Ports" item. You should see your USB-to-UART driver (e.g. CP2102) connected to a COM port and the Arduino connected to another COM port. *Neither* of these are the COM ports you're looking for, in all likelihood.
- Unplug/replug the atmega32u4 on-board USB (not the USB-to-UART) from your PC (doing this on the PC side rather than the Arduino side may be easier). When you replug it back in, watch the device manager, and notice which COM port is opened when the bootloader starts up. Ideally, this will be the same every time it is disconnected and reconnected. *THIS* is the COM port you want!
- Change the "x" in "COMx" in the above command to the number of the COM port that the bootloader uses.
- Unplug and replug the atmega32u4 USB again, and as soon the bootloader COM shows up, press enter to execute your command
- The bootloader is executed very briefly. You may have to make a few attempts before the firmware gets loaded correctly!
- If successful, avrdude should say "avrdude done. Thank you."
In GNU/Linux, the avrdude command is:
avrdude -p atmega32u4 -c avr109 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -D -U flash:w:atmega32u4.hex:i
(make sure to adjust the port and the file)
Other tools
There are a few other tools that can be used to load the hex file:
- Flip utility from Atmel (not compatible with genuine teensy boards and with Arduino-compatible atmega32u4-based boards)
- dfu-programmer command-line tool (not compatible with genuine teensy boards and with Arduino-compatible atmega32u4-based boards)
dfu-programmer example:
sudo dfu-programmer at90usb162 erase sudo dfu-programmer at90usb162 flash at90usb162.hex sudo dfu-programmer at90usb162 reset
Serial port settings
On Windows the driver for FTDI chips (e.g. FT232R, FT230X, FT231X...) provides a "Latency Timer" setting than should be set to 1ms for optimal performance.
The procedure is detailed on the FTDI website: link.
Next Tutorial
Now that your adapter is ready you can follow the instructions on the Quick Start page.